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Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
All of the materials consist of atoms, and electrons(negative charge) and protons(positive charges) are present in the atoms. The neutrality of any atom is as a result of equality in number of electrons and protons. When the equality is disturbed, charge is created and the object is said to be charged. This is what static electricity is. Contrary to current electricity(electricity in motion), static electricity is electricity at rest which discharges as it finds oppositely charged object or electrically conducting material.
Normally, we see objects being charged in this way by rubbing action. Take a comb and rub it against your hair. While rubbing comb against the hair, the comb gains electrons and hair loses electrons. That makes the hair positively charged and comb negatively charged. Now if you bring comb near to small paper pieces, the paper pieces get attracted to comb as a result of induction effect and Coulomb force of attraction.
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